164 years ago today, Stonewall Jackson pulled off one of the most audacious strategic gambits of the entire Civil War.
June 8, 1862. Jackson was in serious trouble. After his stunning run through the Shenandoah Valley, two separate Union armies were closing in on him from different directions. General Fremont had 12,000 men bearing down from the west. General Shields had another force approaching from the east. The plan was for them to link up and trap Jackson between them.
Jackson had roughly 6,000 men. He was outnumbered two to one by each army individually, let alone both combined.
So he did something brilliant.
He found the one place in the entire valley where the terrain would prevent the two Union armies from joining hands: Port Republic, a small village sitting at the junction of two rivers, with a single bridge that Jackson's men controlled. If you hold that bridge, the two Union armies cannot reach each other.
He sent General Richard Ewell with half his force to pin Fremont at a crossroads called Cross Keys. Hold him there. Just hold him.
Ewell held. Fremont had twice the men and never committed them properly. He fumbled the attack all day. At one point, a single Union regiment, the 8th New York Infantry, about 550 men, advanced through thick woods completely unsupported. They walked directly into Confederate General Trimble's brigade of 1,400 waiting in the tree line.
The 8th New York lost 250 men in 15 minutes.
Fremont pulled back. Ewell had held his half of the trap door shut all day with half the men.
The next morning, Jackson wheeled around and smashed Shields at Port Republic. Both Union armies retreated. The trap intended for Jackson had snapped shut on nothing.
Within days, Jackson's entire force was on trains headed to Richmond, arriving just in time to join Robert E. Lee for the Seven Days Battles and drive the Union army away from the Confederate capital.
One man used a river, a bridge, and a crossroads to save Richmond.
Who is the most underrated military mind in American history?