ALT Update: Influenza-Associated Encephalopathy or Encephalitis (IAE) and Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (ANE) Resource. Resource updated January 2026.

ALT Figure 1. Function of RANBP2 and neuroimaging in ANE. Figure. Structural model of RanBP2/Nup358 and neuroimaging in acute necrotizing encephalopathy. RanBP2/Nup358 is a major component of the cytoplasmic filaments of the nuclear pore complex, which has an eightfold symmetry with each symmetrical unit referred to as a ‘spoke’. Five copies of RanBP2/Nup358 are found at each spoke, for a total of 40 copies per pore. The N-terminal domain attaches to the pore and is the spot where ANE1 mutations cluster. On the right, magnetic resonance imaging from a 3-year-old child presenting with a viral prodrome and rapid neurological decline. T2-weighted axial images demonstrate the characteristic bilateral thalamic lesions typical of acute necrotizing encephalopathy (figure adapted from Palazzo et al., 2022 under CC BY 4.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).