How Chicago’s River Turned Irish Green - Honoring St Patrick’s day (1/2)
Chicago River, first dyed green on March 17, 1962, ahead of the St. Patrick's Day parade, idea sparked by Stephen Bailey, business manager of the Chicago Journeymen Plumbers Local Union 130. Practice traces back to 1961, when Bailey noticed a plumber’s white coveralls stained bright green from a dye used to detect sewage leaks in the river. This dye, originally employed during Mayor Richard J. Daley’s efforts to clean up Chicago’s polluted waterways in the 1950s, inspired Bailey to propose a grand gesture for the holiday. With Daley’s blessing—a fellow Irishman from Bridgeport who initially dreamed of dyeing Lake Michigan green—the plumbers dumped 100 pounds of the dye into the river in 1962. The result was a vibrant green hue that lasted a full week, far exceeding expectations and cementing a new tradition.
One quirky tale involves the original ambition to dye Lake Michigan. Daley, a consummate showman, was talked down to the more manageable river by practical minds, including Bailey, who saw the plumber’s stained clothes as a lightbulb moment.
Interestingly, it took a lot of trial-and-error in the early years: that first 100-pound batch in 1962 was excessive, turning the river green for days longer than intended. By 1963, they reduced it to 50 pounds, and today, the recipe has settled at 40 pounds, lasting about 5-6 hours—or up to 48 hours with little wind or rain. A standout moment came in 2016 when the river broke tradition: Tom Rowan, a veteran dyer, led the crew to turn it blue to celebrate the Chicago Cubs’ World Series win, a rare departure from the green norm. The process itself is theatrical—two boats, one dropping the dye, another stirring it with a “Mixmaster” churn—performed by descendants of the Rowan and Butler families, who’ve guarded the tradition for decades.
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