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Llama is a Large Language Model (LLM) released by Meta. It's an open-source Foundation Model (FM) that researchers can fine-tune for their specific tasks. Meta released Llama-1 and Llama-2 in 2023,...
By seeing lots of text, a language model learns the probability of a sequence of words. A Large Language Model (LLM) also learns certain nuances of the language itself. Without being explicitly...
The IEEE 802.11be standard focuses on high throughput, deterministic latency and reliability. It's also called Wi-Fi 7 or Extremely High Throughput (EHT).
A mind map on Large Language Models (LLMs). This can be a useful reference or learning guide for both beginners and experts alike. - DevopediaOrg/llm-mind-map
A User Equipment (UE) attempting to avail the services of a 5G System (5GS) must first be authenticated. The network authenticates the UE, that is, it's indeed a valid subscriber. Likewise, the UE...
The 5G System (5GS) has defined security algorithms in terms of data confidentiality and integrity. Algorithms are specified for both the radio access network and the core network. Their correspond...
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) is a feature introduced in 5G so that both LTE/4G and 5G systems can share the same spectrum. It's dynamic because the allocation between LTE and 5G can be done with a...
The Iron Triangle is essentially a model/framework for project management. The three sides or vertices of the triangle are cost, time and scope. Scope is often substituted in literature with quality....
TinyML is simply bringing ML to the world of highly resource-constrained devices. TinyML is not a framework or a library. It's a specialization or subset of ML.
Handover is an essential feature/procedure in 5G (and earlier cellular systems). When a mobile moves from one cell to another in connected mode, it's handover that allows the mobile to stay connect...
It's customary to develop product requirements before they're designed and implemented. A good requirement is clear, correct, complete, concise, well-structured, feasible, traceable, and verifiable....
Overview of DT for RE. Source: Hehn and Mendez 2022, fig. 11. Design Thinking (DT) comes from the design discipline. It explores both the problem space and the solution space. Its attributes include...
5G Core has been standardized as a composition of many Network Functions (NFs) that expose their services via RESTful APIs. This is called Service-Based Architecture (SBA). To implement/deploy such a...
The 5G Core separates the control plane from the user plane. The control plane is a designed as a set of Network Functions (NFs). Each NF exposes one or more services. Each service offers one or more...
Web of Things (WoT) is a set of building blocks that seeks to make the Internet of Things (IoT) more interoperable and usable. It simplifies application development (including cross-domain applicat...
Switches, routers, firewalls and other networking devices typically need to process large volumes of packets in real time. Traditionally, efficient packet processing was done using specialized and...
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Traditional software development versus TDD. Source: Koskela 2007, fig. 1.3. In traditional software development (such as the Waterfall Model), the order of work is design, code and test. Test-Driven...