In the 1980's Boeing proposed a solution for the Navy's new maritime patrol aircraft to replace the P-3.
But it wasn't a design based on the B737 like the Navy eventually bought in P-8A. Instead it was a modified B757-200.
So, given B757 capabilities, did it stand a chance?⬇️
First, a primer on the competition. The Navy launched the search for a replacement for it's P-3 fleet with a series of RFPs in the mid-80's, culminating in the Long Range Air ASW Combat Aircraft (LRAACA) program.
Lockheed offered a lengthened and modified version of the P-3, with an eight foot fuselage stretch, new GE38 turboprop engines with five-bladed props, and a glass cockpit. MDC offered a version of its developmental MD-91X, with unducted fans and updates to the MD87/MD88 series family (many features of which eventually found their way into the B717 program.
Boeing eschewed the smaller B737 and offered a variant of the B757-200 airliner, powered by PW2000 turbofans. The B757 ASW aircraft would offer very high performance, very high transit speeds to search areas, and benefit from what was expected to be a healthy civil supply chain for parts, motors, and MRO services.
Boeing had another benefit. It was already building the next-generation mission systems, known as Update IV, that were going to be backfit into P-3 aircraft and integrated into whatever the winner of the LRAACA program ended up being. Boeing as the OEM for the entire program would likely make for a smoother integration process.
Would the aircraft have performed well in the mission? In my view, almost certainly. It, like the Nimrod, would have been very effective in terms of closing a datum quickly. It would have had a very high capacity for sonobuoys and for ventral weapons bays and for wing-mounted hardpoints. While it wasn't highly publicized at the time, the development of the radar systems that eventually became the APS-149 Littoral Surveillance Radar System and APS-154 Advanced Airborne Sensor may have been easier, given the large amount of space for auxiliary systems, high power generation capability, and physically larger aircraft and high landing gear to mount the ventral canoe radome.
I say this because even three decades later when the P-8A was being fielded, the crews joked about the massive performance capabilities of the B757 and how we wish that the Navy had bought that aircraft instead. That wasn't shade on the B737-800 based P-8, which was and remains an outstanding maritime patrol aircraft, it's just a measure of how highly we regarded the B752 from a performance perspective.
So if LRAACA had gone ahead - could Boeing in any way have conceivably won?
The answer is no.
Capabilities and performance aside, and even taking into account Boeing's advantage with Update IV mission systems - the deck was already significantly stacked in Lockheed and the upgraded P-3's favor. In fact, the earlier RFPs had been so slanted towards the Lockheed variant that industry and lawmakers had pushed back on the acquisitions strategy - leading to the issuance of the LRAACA program itself.
As handsome and high performance an aircraft as the B752 ASW concept may have been, it was never destined to fly in light grey and white. And after the cancellation of LRAACA in 1990, the shutdown of the B757 line in the wake of 9/11, and three decades more of the tired P-3 flying, the stage was set for the B757's smaller brother to take up the mantle as America's sub hunter.
McDonnell Douglas MD-91X / P-9 is one of the more interesting "what could have been" late Cold War military aircraft.
In the mid-1980's, MDC was exploring the development of unducted fan (UDF) or "propfan" engines - like the GE36 and planning two new variants of the MD87/88 family.
The Navy was looking for a replacement for portions of its P-3 fleet and launched the Long-Range Air ASW Combat Aircraft (LRAACA) program. MDC planned to pitch a variant of the MD-91, equipped with propfans and other updates to the legacy airliner.
Naturally, the jet would have required other mods, like a ventral bomb bay and either belly mounted sonobuoy tubes or (more likely IMO) rotary launchers in the fuselage.
P-9 would have been interesting, given that it sat in contracts to the other competitors for LRAACA:
- Lockheed with an updated turboprop P-3 variant
- Boeing with an RB211 powered B757-200
- MDC with the unducted fan (likely GE36)
For pure low-altitude ASW work, a turbofan is the best for endurance and low-speed employment. What it gives up is speed in transit, which matters to close a datum to a submarine contact before the area of search grows too large.
A high-bypass turbofan like RB211 is great for high-altitude, high-subsonic cruise to get to datum fast. But it will give up efficiency and fuel burn down low once on-station.
The UDF is an interesting mix of both. Decent low-speed fuel burn but improved efficiency at higher speeds, giving a better cruise speed (forecast to be ~430 knots, closer to what a modern P-8 would cruise at today).
That said, IMO there were two fatal flaws for the P-9.
First, technical. Lockheed was bidding with a modified proven airframe and GE T-407 engines that were evolutionary. The UDF was unproven in commercial or military service, and USN would be accepting plenty of technical risk adopting something like UDF.
Second, mission systems. Boeing had an ace up its sleeve in the sense that it was already the front-runner to develop the next update to legacy P-3 mission systems and to power the "back-end" of the LRAACA program. Boeing was awarded the Update IV mission systems modernization in 1987, ahead of when USN was set to make a decision on LRAACA.
In that view, the question was who was better positioned, Lockheed modernizing the Orion and integrating Update IV gear? Or Boeing missionizing the B757-200 and integrating its own mission systems.
The Navy chose Lockheed's offering, but later canceled the entire LRAACA program in 1990, as the threat of Soviet submarines was rapidly contracting. USN would have to wait nearly 20 more years to field the replacement for the P-3.
P-9 was interesting technology but destined to only remain as concept drawings, photos, and models.