Authors of the 14th Amendment said about the term "citizen" as it is used in the 14th Amendment, and they gave us the definition of a U.S. natural-born citizen as used in the Constitution. John A. Bingham, commenting on Section 1992 of the 1866 Civil Rights Act, said it means “every human being born within the jurisdiction of the United States, of parents not owing allegiance to any foreign sovereignty, is, in the language of your Constitution itself, a natural-born citizen.” (Cong. Globe, 39th, 1st Sess., 1291 (1866)) The 1866 congressional debates confirm that the two citizenship clauses—the one in the 14th Amendment and the one in the 1866 Civil Rights Act—were intended to have the same meaning and effect. The 14th Amend was just an extension of existing law. In 1866, two years before the 14th Amendment, U.S. statute Sec. 1992 of the U.S. Revised Statutes defined who is a citizen: “All persons born in the US and not subject to any foreign power are declared to be citizens (note: does not say a natural born citizen) of the US.” The 14th Amend: "All persons born or naturalized in the US, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the US and of the State wherein they reside." Sen. Jacob Howard and Sen. Lyman Trumbull clarified that “jurisdiction,” as used in the 14th Amendment, means sole and complete U.S. jurisdiction, i.e., not subject to any foreign power. As you can see by the language used in the 14th Amend, it was intended to be a constitutional naturalization PROCESS, as it stated that the newly freed slaves' citizenship was the same as—and equal to—that of a naturalized citizen. Citizenship gained by an act of Congress is a naturalized type of citizenship. This was referred to as the Citizenship Clause or the Naturalization Clause of the 14th Amendment at that time. There was no difference in any way—except in Wong Kim Ark, where Justice Gray SCREWED up the 14th. In 1866, Sen Jacob Howard spelled out the INTENT of the 14th Amendment by stating: "Every person born within the limits of the US, and subject to their jurisdiction, is by virtue of natural law and national law a citizen of the United States. This WILL NOT, of course, include persons born in the United States who are FOREIGNERS, ALIENS, who belong to the families of ambassadors or foreign ministers accredited to the Gov of the US, but will include every other class of persons. It settles the great question of citizenship and removes all doubt as to what persons are or are not citizens of the US. This has long been a great desideratum in the jurisprudence and legislation of this country." Senator Howard’s intention for the 14th Amendment was reaffirmed by Senator Edward Cowan, who stated: "[A foreigner in the US] has a right to the protection of the laws, but he is NOT a citizen in the ordinary acceptance of the word" It is clear the framers of the 14th Amendment had no intention of freely giving away American citizenship to just anyone simply because they may have been born on American soil—something our courts have wrongfully assumed! They didn’t make this law for "birthright citizenship" or "anchor babies." Again, we are fortunate to have on record the highest authority to further explain to us the intent of the Amendment. Sen. Lyman Trumbull, Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, author of the 13th Amendment, and the one who inserted the phrase into the 14th (known as the Citizenship Clause, contained in Section One of the Fourteenth Amendment): The clause conferred U.S. and state citizenship at birth to all individuals born in the United States. "[T]he provision is, that 'all persons born in the US, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens.' That means 'subject to the complete jurisdiction thereof.' What do we mean by 'complete jurisdiction thereof?' Not owing allegiance to anybody else. That is what it means." The 14thAmend makes NO ONE a natural born citizen = US born to US citizen parents.