Old model: mass male labor, factories, unions, churches, ethnic neighborhoods, fraternal orders, street politics, local machines, veterans’ networks, shared hardship, high fertility, high physical congregation. If that heats up, the state may need war, draft, prison, strikebreaking, or frontier expansion.
New model: atomized men, lower family formation, lower union power, lower civic participation, screens, porn, weed, SSRIs/stimulants, endocrine disruption, debt, credential gates, background checks, parole/probation, algorithmic feeds, gig work, obesity, disability, loneliness, low trust, and managed outrage. That population can be angry as hell while still being politically non-coherent.