The
#white #campion,
#Silene #latifolia (
#Caryophyllaceae), is common in
#Berlin and prefers sunny
#habitats. This article introduced aspects of its biology and also a scientific study on the regulation of its
#reproductive #organdevelopment.
#Silenelatifolia is native to Eurasia and North Africa, but is also found in
#NorthAmerica, Australia, and New Zealand, where it arrived through human intervention. Therefore, it is considered an
#invasive species and a neophyte.
The
#species thrives in sun exposed, nitrogen-rich locations, often in loamy or sandy
#soils. It frequently occurs in areas with
#ruderal #vegetation, i.e., in surroundings with debris from building materials or similar activities.
The
#whitecampion is mainly pollinated by moths, as it only opens its
#flowers in the evening or, in rainy weather, in the later afternoon. Male and female flowers possess different calyx morphologies.
Inbreeding depression mechanisms were discovered in both, male and female flowers.
#Hermaphroditic flowers perform the following quite simple way to prevent inbreeding:
The flowers
#mature in a fixed order with regard to their
#reproductiveorgans. First, the
#male parts of the flowers mature and become reproductively active; only then can the female stigmata of the
#carpel be fertilized by pollen transferred via
#insects (
#pollination). This mechanism evolved in connection with the prevention of
#selfpollination.
The
#capsule #fruits are surrounded by an enlarged calyx, which is closed in bad weather. This serves to provide more surface area for the
#wind to finally
#disperse the seeds. The enlarged calyx can be translucent and appears quite decorative when viewed up close. The German name "
#Lichtnelke" possibly refers to this aspect. The outside of this capsule is covered with teeth, which serve to attach to the fur or feathers of animals. The white campion is therefore
#dispersed either by the wind or by
#animals.
I already mentioned that in hermaphroditic flowers the sex organs of the white campion become active one after the other, starting with the males. But how is it generally determined, when exactly the development of the sex organs actually occurs, and how is their
#maturation #regulated? The authors, V. Bačovský et al. (2022), examined the
#genetic influence on the regulatory pathways involved in
#gynoecium #development. Specifically, the authors addressed the following question: "How do sex-linked genes shape the expression of regulatory cascades that lead to developmental differences between
#sexes?" To contribute more knowledge to this, the authors sequenced
#transcriptome of male flowers with fully developed
#gynoecia. The scientists were able to attribute a promoting effect on the development of the gynoecium and, for example, on floral organ size to eight gene sequences. They finally "affect the expression of class B MADS-
#boxflowergenes."
©
#StefanFWirth Berlin July 2025
Reference:
Bačovský V, Čegan R, Tihlaříková E, Neděla V, Hudzieczek V, Smrža L, Janíček T, Beneš V, Hobza R. Chemical genetics in Silene latifolia elucidate regulatory pathways involved in gynoecium development. J Exp Bot. 2022 Apr 18;73(8):2354-2368.
doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab538
#Photos:
Silene latifolia on an
#urban dry
#meadow near
#park Goethepark in Berlin, © S.F. Wirth