An
#Unusual Combination of
#Geological #Phenomena on the
#Seafloor:
#Hydrothermal #fields discovered in close proximity to colder
#gasareas off
#PapuaNewGuinea, exhibiting exceptional
#biodiversity.
#Hydrothermalfields on the
#deepsea floor constitute extraordinary
#habitats for a diverse array of
#species, featuring specialized adaptations to what are, fundamentally, rather hostile living conditions. When seawater penetrates the Earth's crust, where it is heated by magma to temperatures exceeding 400°C before re-emerging, so-called "
#blacksmokers" or "
#whitesmokers" are formed. The color of the billowing plumes depends on the elemental composition of the substances dissolved in the depths by the superheated water, which now jet out onto the seafloor surface. A wide variety of minerals are expelled here, substances we would typically perceive as unpleasant and hostile to life, primarily sulfides and metallic salts of copper, zinc, iron, manganese, or gold. And yet, this environment is typically teeming with life, a highly specialized and abundant community of
#organism species.
#Microorganisms, such as
#bacteria, engage in a unique form of energy generation known as
#chemosynthesis. In doing so, they serve as the foundational food source for a
#foodchain that provides a veritable feast for a wide diversity of organisms.
Hydrothermal fields are of scientific and frequently also of applied significance. The specialized biological communities found there can vary from field to field and may therefore be unique. They often enrich
#biodiversityresearch, particularly when
#newspecies are discovered. Moreover, hydrothermal vents are considered potential candidates for sites where the
#originsoflife may have evolved.
The authors Ph. A. Brandl et al. (2025) have discovered a novel hydrothermal field on the flank of Conical Seamount, located near
#Lihir #Island in Papua New Guinea (Western Pacific). This field is distinguished by a unique feature: in the immediate vicinity of hot, bubbling hydrothermal
#vents, cool gas is also being emitted, primarily in the form of
#methane, though other
#hydrocarboncompounds are present as well. The researchers have named this field, discovered at a depth of approximately 1,300 meters, "
#Karambusel." They chose this name because, amidst the complex biodiversity that densely populates the area,
#mussels of the genus
#Bathymodiolus (
#Mytilidae) are particularly abundant. In
#Tok #Pisin, the predominant
#Creolelanguage in Papua New Guinea, the word Karambusel means simply "mussel."
The researchers anticipate that the biological composition of the Karambusel field will host new, still unknown species.
Cool
#gasseeps and hot vents do not typically occur side by side. The researchers attribute this unique characteristic of the hydrothermal field to the fact that the Conical Seamount contains layers of organically enriched sediment; the heat from underlying magma breaks down these sediments into methane and other hydrocarbon compounds. At the very same location, hot fluids, characterized by complex chemical compositions, are forced upward by this same heat source. The ascent of gases and fluids occurs via the same transport pathways, resulting in the unusual structure of the hydrothermal field.
According to the authors, however, this extraordinary ecosystem is already under threat,cspecifically from rather nearby deep-sea
#mining operations targeting gold and similarly valuable minerals.
© StefanFWirth, May 2026, Berlin
Reference:
Ph. A. Brandl et al. (2025):
doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-1…
Figure:
#Illustration of the volcanic, venting, and seepage systems across Edison Seamount, Mussel Cliff, Karambusel, and Conical Seamount. Volcanic Ar-Ar ages are shown in grey boxes; U-Th ages of sulfides are shown in the yellow box. Ph. A. Brandl et al. (2025), licensed under
creativecommons.org/licenses…