I’m a bit of a space industry history junkie and so I think about the DigitalGlobe acquisition of Digital Globe quite often. In ~2010 there were two competing commercial high-resolution satellite imagery providers, GeoEye and DigitalGlobe. The US Government was unsurprisingly their largest customer, specifically the NextView contract (~somewhat equivalent to EOCL today).
In May 2012, GeoEye proposed an acquisition of DigitalGlobe. Some 8 months later, in January 2013, DigitalGlobe instead announced a successful closure of the GeoEye acquisition.
I was not quite interested in government spending on geospatial in 2012. Still, there is a great summary from Geospatial World “The US National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA) will not renew the EnhancedView contract with GeoEye for the full year due to budget constraints … US government officials earlier said the NGA plans to sharply reduce, and possibly halve, its plan to buy USD 7.3 billion of digital imagery from the two companies, sparking speculation about a consolidation.” (6/25/2012)
Indeed, shortly after DigitalGlobe as a continued holder of the contract came on top and acquired GeoEye. Today, their merger is known as Maxar.
This was ~13 years ago but there are a couple of lessons extremely relevant for startups today:
The danger of customer concentration is real. Even some more mature space industry startups attacking ~100M$ largely depend on one or two major customers. This is even more intense in defence tech from my experience. And those are of course attractive programs which can make a company - but there is an inherent risk of building an enduring company on top of a government operating on four-year cycles.
Last year I wrote the Space applications for large terrestrial markets piece - in part because after the 2022 market downturn, everybody in the market reoriented to the government customer base, but there are benefits in having a large magnitude of customers, ideally somewhat diversified - from a purely investment perspective, it makes the underwriting easier.
The DigitalGlobe/GeoEye/Maxar saga is absolutely incredible and one day, rather soon, somebody should really write a book about it.
History doesn’t repeat itself but it rhymes. I try to learn as much as I can about the early days of commercial space companies because some of the lessons continue to be instructive today.
[1] SpaceNews, DigitalGlobe Closes GeoEye Acquisition:
spacenews.com/digitalglobe-c…
[2] SpaceNews, Justice Department Approves DigitalGlobe-GeoEye Merger
spacenews.com/justice-depart…
[3] SpaceRef, GeoEye Proposes Acquisition Of DigitalGlobe,
spacenews.com/geoeye-propose…
[4] Defense Daily, NGA Awards $7.3 Billion For EnhancedView Contracts To DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,
defensedaily.com/nga-awards-…
[5] Geospatial World, NGA discontinues EnhancedView contract with GeoEye,
geospatialworld.net/news/nga…