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$nwbo @alphavestcap 1) What percent of the patients in the phase 3 trial ( jamanetwork.com/journals/jam… )ncology/fullarticle/2798847#google_vignette ), dosed with standard of care for GBM patients(glioblastoma multiforme) plus dc vax L are alive now, which is 10 years after the trial was completed?(htpasted8:24 PMSearched the webSearched the webHere is a careful breakdown of what the data actually shows — and where the limits of that data are — for each of your questions: 1. Phase 3 JAMA Trial (331 patients): What % are alive ~10 years later? The JAMA Oncology paper was published in November 2022, with a data cutoff of November 30, 2019. Enrollment ran from 2007–2015. So the longest-enrolled patients had about 12 years of follow-up by today (March 2026), while the last-enrolled patients have closer to 10 years out. The published survival data goes out to 60 months (5 years): At 48 months from randomization, survival was 15.7% (DCVax-L) vs. 9.9% (controls). At 60 months, rates were 13% vs. 5.7%. Targeted Oncology There is no officially published 10-year survival percentage from the Phase 3 trial. The JAMA paper's Kaplan-Meier curves ended at 60 months, and no subsequent peer-reviewed update with 10-year data has been published. However, we can piece together what is known about long-term survivors: The longest survivor in the Phase 3 trial was still alive 8 years after randomization as of the 2022 data cutoff. PubMed Central From the document you provided, Dr. Liau stated in December 2022 that roughly 25 patients from the Phase 3 trial were still alive at that time. About 25% of all 331 patients (~83 patients) survived past 3 years based on interim blinded data, and the "long tail" of that group continued beyond. Nwbio The social media calculations in your document suggest ~25 Phase 3 long-term survivors as of late 2022. Out of 232 patients who received DCVax-L upfront (plus 64 who crossed over), that rough estimate is consistent with the ~13% five-year survival figure from the published data. No formal 10-year percentage has been published for the Phase 3 cohort as of today. 2. UCLA Dr. Linda Liau Combination Trial (NCT01204684): What % alive after 10 years? This is the earlier Phase I/II UCLA trials (not the Phase 3), involving approximately 39 patients total. For the Phase I/II UCLA trials, as of a July 2011 long-term data update, 33% of patients had reached or exceeded 4 years of survival and 27% had reached or exceeded 6 years of survival. As of that time, 2 patients from the Phase I/II trials exceeded 10 years of survival. Nwbio The combination trial (NCT01204684) referenced in your document adds DCVax-L with Poly-ICLC (and later with PD-1 inhibitors). From investor/community sources cited in your document, an interim figure of ~50% survival at 8 years was mentioned for the DCVax-L Poly-ICLC arm, but this is unpublished interim data and has not been peer-reviewed. Dr. Liau confirmed in late 2022 that about 25 patients from the earlier UCLA trials were still alive. Summary Table CohortPublished 5-yr Survival~10-yr DataPhase 3 (JAMA, 331 pts, DCVax-L arm)13% at 60 months~25 alive as of late 2022; no formal % publishedPhase 3 controls (SOC only)5.7% at 60 monthsN/APhase I/II UCLA (39 pts)~27% at 6 yrs2 patients confirmed 10 yr survivors as of 2013NCT01204684 combo trial~50% at 8 yrs (interim, unpublished)Final data pending publication The key takeaway: there is no formally published 10-year survival rate for the Phase 3 trial. The closest we have is 13% at 5 years, with a known long tail of ongoing survivors. For the UCLA combination trials, the data is very encouraging but still largely unpublished or preliminary. 1) What percent of the patients in the phase 3 trial ( jamanetwork.com/journals/jam… )ncology/fullarticle/2798847#google_vignette ), dosed with standard of care for GBM patients(glioblastoma multiforme) plus dc vax L are alive now, which is 10 years after the trial was completed?(jamanetwork.com/journals/jam…)?2)what percent of the patients in the ucla -dr Linda Liau combination trial (clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT…), are alive after 10 years?Al Musella(12/5/2022) I’m sorry, there’s just so many questions, all the way answered already. Um, do you happen to know how many patients who took DCVax-L at any point are still alive today?Dr. Linda Liau: Oh, um, you know, I haven’t done the numbers, but there are about 25 in the Phase 3 trial, and I think we have about 25 from our own trials. Then there was an expanded, you know, there was a compassionate use arm done during the trial as well, and I think there are probably a dozen or so patients in that who are still alive. Um, maybe one of your subsequent seminars, I’ll invite them.At UCLA, we’re looking at dendritic cell vaccination in combination with immunomodulatory molecules and checkpoint inhibitors. We’re also looking at collaborations to explore CAR T cells in conjunction with DC vaccination and other protocols. This is just some very preliminary, published data from our trial at UCLA, where we’re combining dendritic cell vaccination with PD-1 inhibition. Interestingly, when we give PD-1 inhibition neoadjuvant, before vaccination, you actually get a survival curve that’s better than giving PD-1 alone. But if you give the PD-1 inhibitor after dendritic cell vaccination, you can even boost that survival rate up to greater than 50%. Again, this data is very preliminary—we’re only halfway through this trial, so we don’t have the final data yet. But I think it’s encouraging, as it suggests we can combine vaccine therapies with other immunomodulators to hopefully get a positive response for glioblastoma patients. With that, I just wanted to thank all the investigators involved in the Phase 3 clinical trial and all the co-authors on this JAMA Oncology paper that was published a couple of weeks ago. It was a wonderful group of people I’ve worked with, and with that, I’ll stop and take any questions. Thank you.Begin forwarded message:From: Joseph H Pratt II <jhpratt2@icloud.com>Subject: Fwd: 10 yearDate: March 29, 2026 at 7:12:58 PM EDTTo: Ez Pass Pa <jhpratt2@icloud.com>📷Begin forwarded message:From: Joseph H Pratt II <jhpratt2@icloud.com>Subject: Fwd: 10 yearDate: March 29, 2026 at 7:11:41 PM EDTTo: Ez Pass Pa <jhpratt2@icloud.com>@atlnsider :"This is Super amazing‼️ According to my calculations that make about 62 long-term GBM cancer survivors because they were treated with $NWBO #DCVax-L. These are real people who were diagnosed with a terminal / fatal disease:" Vie12:04 AM · Dec 23, 2025·6,170Begin forwarded message:From: Joseph H Pratt II <jhpratt2@icloud.com>Subject: Fwd: 10 yearDate: March 29, 2026 at 7:09:33 PM EDTTo: Ez Pass Pa <jhpratt2@icloud.com>Begin forwarded message:From: Joseph H Pratt II <jhpratt2@icloud.com>Subject: 10 yearDate: March 29, 2026 at 6:54:24 PM EDTTo: Ez Pass Pa <jhpratt2@icloud.com>ALOT OF TEN YEAR SURVIVAL NUMBERS ARE GETTING TALKED ABOUT.COULD WE GET CLARIFICATION FOR THE JAMA 331 PHASE 3 TRAIL, PLUS ANY OTHER ULCA OR KINGS COLLEGE COMPASSIONATE USE AND-OR SPECIALS SUBSETS ? x.com/kshaughnessy2/status/2… markets.ft.com/data/announce… (jamanetwork.com/journals/jam…)? x.com/alphavestcap/status/20… investorshub.advfn.com/board… Lykiri Wednesday, March 25, 2026 8:32:34 PM vumedi.com/video/neurosurgeo… At around 7:40 in her presentation, Linda Liau discussed a UCLA subgroup (29 patients) from the Phase 3 trial. She noted that patients treated with DCVax-L showed improved median survival, and emphasized the long-term survivors. Importantly, all patients in the DCVax-L UCLA subgroup who were still alive at the November 30, 2019 data cutoff remain alive today — now 6 years later. Her key point: beyond median survival, there appears to be a meaningful increase in long-term survivors with DCVax-L.Neurosurgeon-Centric Clinical Trials: Immunotherapy By Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) FEATURING Linda Liau December 10, 2025Summarize this video Neurosurgeon-Centric Clinical Trials and Immunotherapy. Dr. Linda Liau emphasizes the evolving role of neurosurgeons in clinical trials, particularly in neurosurgical oncology. Neurosurgeons are no longer limited to tumor resection but are integral to trial design and execution. Trials involving tumor tissue-derived vaccines, intracranial immunotherapy delivery, and targeted gene therapies require neurosurgical expertise. Additionally, neoadjuvant or "window of opportunity" trials, where immunotherapeutics are administered before surgery, rely heavily on neurosurgeons for tissue analysis and trial outcomes. x.com/alphavestcap/status/20… Joe, here is a transcription of the video(vumedi.com/video/neurosurgeo…). At the end is an AI Summary of this transcription: Neurosurgeon-Centric Clinical Trials: Immunotherapy By CONGRESS OF NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS (CNS) FEATURING LINDA LIAUBEGIN — - - — - — - - — - — - - — - — - - — - — - - — - — - - — - — - - — - — - So the title of the session is supposed to be on neurosurgeon-centric clinical http://trials. So I'm going to kind of talk about that, immunotherapy trials in that context.Here are my disclosures.So what does it mean to be, you know, neurosurgeon-centric, you know, what kind of trials are neurosurgeon-centric?And I think, you know, it's important to, you know, I guess in our thoughts about kind of the future of neurosurgical oncology is the fact that, you know, tumor neurosurgeons are no longer just people who just take out the tumor and then send it off to the, you know, the lab or the oncologist to do the rest of the treatment.We need to be involved in the actual design of these trials, and there are very specific things that we are involved in.And trials that involve, for instance, tumor tissue-derived vaccines, you know, anything that you need to actually have the tumor tissue for to make the therapy.You know, one example is, you know, something we've been working on for a while, as you know, dendritic cell-based vaccines, we actually use the autologous tumor tissue as a source of the antigen.You know, as Brian talked about, you can use the tills from the tumor, and that also requires a neurosurgeon to take out the tumor, so you can get the tills.Other trials that are intimately involved, you know, with neurosurgery are trials that involve intracranial immunotherapy delivery, or delivery of anything, essentially.But those, you know, on the immunotherapy side, they're really the adoptive cell transfers.You know, it takes a neurosurgeon to actually put these cells into the brain, and as was mentioned, you know, the route of delivery, you know, there's so much we still need to learn in terms of where should we be delivering, for instance, cellular therapies, but not just that, but, you know, there is a future for targeted gene therapy.There are actually, you know, several companies out there looking at how to target gene therapies to specific areas of the brain, and specific gene targets won't work unless you get them to the right area.And then, you know, another valuable contribution of neurosurgeons is in these pre-surgical immunotherapy, what we call window of opportunity trials, or neoadjuvant trials, and that really involves giving a drug or an immunotherapeutic before surgery, and then, you know, taking the tumor tissue out and then testing it after surgery.Again, this requires, you know, neurosurgical intervention, and it's very important to not just be the person taking out the tumor, but also to understand, you know, what are we actually looking for, because the areas of the brain we target now also, you know, with correlations with imaging is also important in terms of actually getting valid results for these types of trials.So I'm just going to, you know, give a couple examples.One is, you know, for instance, like I said, tumor tissue-derived vaccines, and a good example of that is, you know, dendritic cell-based vaccine for glioblastoma.We've been working on this for many years now, but fundamentally, the source of the antigens actually come from the surgical resection.We've actually done many, many trials over the years, phase one, phase two trials, using various sources of antigens, since that's synthetic peptides, mRNA, you know, I could go through the whole list.But because of the heterogeneity of glioblastoma, the actual kind of best source actually still is the autologous tumor tissue, because the dendritic cell is able to process and present that.And that, you know, evolved from initially a first in human trial many years ago to a multi-center phase three trial at, you know, 70 different sites, and that was a very large trial.But again, the fundamental initial step in this trial was surgery.He actually needed the surgeon to take out the tumor in order to get the antigen source for the vaccine.As I mentioned, this was an international, our phase three trial was an international multi-center clinical trial that was conducted at 70 sites in four different countries.And at each of these sites, the PI or the co-PI was a neurosurgeon.So these were not, you know, oncology trials where you actually just hand off the patient to the oncologist or the, you know, your colleagues to treat these patients.These actually required very involved neurosurgical interventions.And you know, one thing that we, you know, were able to show with this is that, you know, it was able to be accomplished in 70 different sites in four different countries.This was a cellular therapy trial that involved a lot of organization, you know, in terms of getting the autologous tumor as well as the dendritic cells processed.And these were not done all at big academic centers.You know, many of these sites were actually smaller community hospitals.And that's kind of a, I could tell that that was quite a feat.But you know, it shows us that these can be done, but it does take a coordinated effort among our community, our neurosurgical community to be able to do these kind of trials.And then I do encourage that hopefully in the future we do trials where we can all collaborate and do these kind of neurosurgery centric trials.These were the results of that publication.And I could go into the details of kind of why this, you know, was a phase three trial that was used in externally controlled cohort.But the, you know, they did show some increase in median survival as well as a long tail end of survival.And interestingly, when we went to compare this trial to external cohorts, and the external cohorts were actually the control arm of various clinical trials that were done concurrently during the time period of the enrollment of this particular trial, like the big RTOG trials and several other trials that were done, you know, around the time.But when we went to try to get the patient level data of these external cohorts, as was mentioned by Dr. Day, you know, companies just don't give that out.They won't give out the patient level data.And that's, you know, really, you know, a problem with these kind of comparator trials.And now, as you know, with recent FDA guidance, for glioblastoma, we can get approvals based on external control arms, but it has to be patient level data.So if only these large trials that we've been doing for decades would release their, you know, their patient level data, we could actually, you know, do these analyses and really see if any of these treatments actually are efficacious or not.But with that being said, using composite data from these trials, we did show, you know, some efficacy.And then more interestingly, there was a increase in efficacy for the MGMT methylated cohort of glioblastoma patients.And then there seems to be this, you know, long tail of survival, which was about 25% of these patients.And not only did they survive past the three-year mark, but they have continued to survive since then.And recently we looked at our UCLA patients that were enrolled in this trial.We had a total of 29 out of the 331 patients that were in this trial.And this was a, you know, it was a newly diagnosed trial with a crossover arm.So there, you know, was a two-to-one randomization.So all these patients in green were the patients who randomized to get DC VACs.And then these people in the blue and the red were the placebo arms.But the reason they're separated is because there's a significant number of these who randomized to placebo who went on to crossover at recurrence.And you can see, you know, the patients who got DC VACs, there was an increase in median survival.Again, you know, this is just our single institution cohort, so it's a relatively small subgroup of the larger trial.But I thought what was most interesting was these long-term survival tails, these people in green with the big arrows on them, they were alive at, this is 96 months at the end of the trial.That was in 2019.And I can tell you, all these people with the arrows still on at the end, they're still alive now.So 2,090, that was six years ago.So basically these patients are six plus whatever the data is here years out.So there is a substantial, like, big increase in terms of the percentage of long-term survivors in the treated population.There's a little asterisk here because this one patient here was actually IDH mutated.The others were all IDH wild type here in the green.And then similarly in the placebo, there was one outlier in the placebo arm that was, you know, longer survival.But that patient was also IDH mutated, and it turned out it was 1P19Q co-deleted because at the time we did the trial, as you may know, they hadn't changed the WHO textbooks yet.So GBMs were read as histological GBMs.So there were, you know, kind of a few patients that were in this trial that actually in retrospect should have been classified as oligos and not really GBMs.But again, interesting data.And I think, you know, that, you know, hopefully in the future we can, you know, do these trials in a more kind of systematic way and then take advantage of, you know, trials that have been done in the past if these companies and consortia would be willing to release their patient level data.Next kind of brief example I wanted to talk about that involved, that has neurosurgical involvement are these neoadjuvant, what we call window of opportunity trials.And this I think is important in the sense that, you know, a lot of the data comes from the tumor tissues that we take out.So it is important to not just, you know, throw anything to the lab to be analyzed because you don't want to spend, you know, the tens of thousands of dollars doing spatial transcriptomics on a piece of tissue.That doesn't really mean a whole lot.So this is a good example of, you know, one of these presurgical neoadjuvant immunotherapy trials that Dr. Klausi, Dr. Nguyen, and our group at UCLA did, and it essentially used neoadjuvant anti-PD-1.We did, you know, the patients got the drug before and then patients got drug, I mean, patients went to surgery afterwards.And what we did show is that there was an increase in terms of the gene expression profile of the patients who got treated with the PD-1 antibody versus those who did not.We have since kind of used that kind of same paradigm to do a combination trial of a DC vaccine with neoadjuvant PD-1, and we give the PD-1 inhibitor first, and then patients go to surgery.We analyze the tumor tissue, but then also enroll them in the DC vaccine trial.And what's interesting in these trials is also what we learned from the tumor tissue, and I think that's where, you know, being a surgeon does help in terms of, you know, how you interpret this, you know, the data and the areas of the tumor that you take out.So this is just an example of one of the trial patients who actually got the neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor.So this was his tumor before the surgery, so he got the inhibitor, took out the tumor, you know, actually within a few, you know, a few weeks, it was probably about four weeks, this is what the area looked like, you know, quite an impressive, you know, recurrence.So this was the first piece of tissue, the tissue after, you know, when he got the neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor, and then we took out the tumor before the DC vaccine.You could see there are some T cells, or the T cell pink cells, a lot of tumor cells, the blue cells, and then the green cells were kind of the, you know, myeloid immunosuppressive cells.Here he had the recurrence, this is what the sample looked like.Fewer tumor cells, actually, you know, not as many tumor cells, more T cells, the red, the little pink red cells, but this huge influx of these green myeloid suppressor cells, so it was almost like a reactive response to the immunotherapeutic treatment.And if we didn't do these serial biopsies, you know, before and after treatment, we wouldn't have really been able to get this kind of, you know, information, and I think there is a need for these window of opportunity trials where we actually biopsy tumors after we give these treatments, just like, you know, Nino had talked about it in his talk.So in conclusion, I think we really need to evolve from being just, you know, tumor surgeons to truly neurosurgical oncologists.I think we are very good at sampling tumors and, you know, our tissue procurement specialists, and the areas of tumor we sample, you know, need to be meaningful for future studies.You know, intraoperative imaging and brain mapping, that's always very important in terms of localizing what we're actually taking out.And then I think there's an expanding field of CNS delivery, you know, no one else but a neurosurgeon can deliver these things into the brain.So you know, there are different novel ways to do this, and I think that that's an area that is probably going to expand in the future.And ultimately, I think neurosurgical oncologists should be the clinical trial leaders, not just the collaborators, the co-investigators, the people that just hand tumors to whoever, because I think we have very special insights into this disease that no one else has.So with that, I just wanted to thank you for your attention and welcome you to Los Angeles.I hope you, you know, get to, you know, go sightsee, go to a Dodger game or a Laker game or, you know, go see some movie stars, but welcome, and I hope you have a good week.END AI ANALYSIS OF THE LIAU 14 MINUTE VIDEO. This presentation outlines the evolving role of neurosurgeons in the treatment of brain tumors, specifically glioblastoma (GBM). The core message is that neurosurgeons must transition from being "tissue providers" to leaders and designers of clinical trials. Here is a summary of the key themes and data presented:1. The Concept of "Neurosurgeon-Centric" Trials The speaker argues that neurosurgeons are indispensable to modern immunotherapy because many emerging treatments require direct surgical intervention: Tissue-Derived Vaccines: Therapies like dendritic cell (DC) vaccines require the surgeon to harvest autologous (the patient's own) tumor tissue to create the treatment. Direct Delivery: Neurosurgeons are the only ones capable of performing intracranial delivery of adoptive cell transfers or targeted gene therapies. Window of Opportunity (Neoadjuvant) Trials: These involve giving a drug before surgery, then resecting the tumor to study how the drug changed the tumor's microenvironment.2. Case Study: DCVax-L Phase 3 Trial The speaker highlights a massive, international trial for a dendritic cell vaccine: Scope: 70 sites in four countries, involving both academic centers and community hospitals. Leadership: Every site was led or co-led by a neurosurgeon. Findings: The trial showed an increase in median survival and a "long tail" of long-term survivors (about 25%). Longevity: Some patients from the UCLA cohort who were treated years ago remain alive today, nearly a decade after their diagnosis—a rare feat in GBM treatment.3. Barriers to Progress: Data Sharing A significant portion of the talk addresses the difficulty of proving efficacy in GBM: The FDA now allows external control arms (comparing trial results to historical data rather than a concurrent placebo group), but only if patient-level data is provided. The speaker critiques large companies and consortia for refusing to release this granular data, which hinders the ability of researchers to verify if new treatments truly work.4. Insights from Neoadjuvant Studies Using "serial

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