“…vocabulary-rich children arrive at school with a hidden cognitive advantage ... They have heard “ridiculous” and “extraordinary” and “investigation” at the dinner table, in bedtime stories, in the overheard conversations of articulate adults. Their minds have been silently sketching the spellings of hundreds of words they have never read..
“Children from language-poor environments arrive without those skeletons…
“It is a gap in prediction. And it compounds: the child who reads more easily reads more, hears more words in the context of text, forms more skeletons, and reads still more easily. The child who struggles reads less, encounters fewer new words, forms fewer skeletons, and falls further behind.”
We tend to think of reading as a visual act. But a growing body of research suggests that by the time a child encounters a word in print for the first time, their mind has already been preparing for that encounter. ⤵️