European Centre For International Political Economy - an independent policy think tank dedicated to #trade, #digital & international #economic #policy ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡บ

Joined May 2009
5,179 Photos and videos
Jun 13
๐Ÿ—ž๏ธ @DavidHenigUK tells @Euractiv why the political handshake at Trump's Scottish golf resort last July was never legally binding, and why Washington has since appeared to breach its own terms by hiking steel and aluminium tariffs above the agreed 15%. Read the article โฌ‡๏ธ euractiv.com/news/turnberry-โ€ฆ #EUUSTrade #Tariffs #TransatlanticRelations
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Jun 12
We were pleased to co-host this timely roundtable on the implementation of the EU Product Liability Directive and its implications for innovation, consumer protection and AI-driven technologies. The discussion builds on the findings of our Policy Brief examining the transposition of the Directive in Sweden, Denmark and Finland. ๐Ÿ“„ ecipe.org/publications/eu-prโ€ฆ
๐Ÿ“ขย We recently hosted our roundtable, โ€œ๐˜Š๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ด๐˜ถ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ ๐˜—๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ค๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜—๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฅ๐˜ถ๐˜ค๐˜ต ๐˜“๐˜ช๐˜ข๐˜ฃ๐˜ช๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜บ ๐˜Š๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ญ๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜จ๐˜ฆ๐˜ด ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜Œ๐˜œ โ€“ ๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ๐˜ด๐˜ด๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ด ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ ๐˜ฃ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ๐˜ข๐˜ณ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต ๐˜ง๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜•๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ฅ๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜ดโ€ in Brussels at Avenue des Arts 6-9, bringing together policymakers, legal experts, and industry representatives for an important discussion on the future of consumer protection and liability frameworks in Europe. ๐Ÿ’ก The conversation focused on the evolving implications of the revised Product Liability Directive and Third-Party Litigation Funding in the context of AI-enabled and software-driven products, and how Europe can balance effective consumer protection with innovation, competitiveness, and legal certainty. ๐Ÿ‘ We would like to thank Simon Neill, Chair of the Board of the European Justice Forum, for opening the event, and Malene Dall Sรธrensen, Senior Consultant at @DanskIndustri, for delivering a keynote address. ๐Ÿ‘ฅ Special thanks also to our panelists: โ–ช๏ธ Amaryllis Verhoeven, Head of Unit GROW/G1 - Responsible Business Conduct, @EU_Commission โ–ช๏ธ @FredrikErixon, Founding Director, @ECIPE โ–ช๏ธ @oonajuonala, Senior Legal Advisor, @Elinkeinoelama โ–ช๏ธ @bmiltovica, Co-Chair, Consumer and Environment Group of @EU_EESC โ–ช๏ธ Dieter-Michael Grohmann, Special Advisor, @connectsmes ๐ŸŽค The discussion was moderated by Agata Boutanos, CEO of the European Justice Forum. ๐ŸŒ The exchange provided valuable Nordic perspectives from Sweden, Denmark, and Finland on developing proportionate and innovation-friendly legal frameworks for emerging technologies while maintaining strong consumer safeguards. ๐Ÿ”— Read our press release for more insights from the discussion ๐Ÿ‘‡europeanjusticeforum.org/recโ€ฆ
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Jun 11
The biggest threat to Ukraine in 2027 may not come from the battlefield. It could come from the political calendar. In a new analysis, @HelloFrankLavin argues that as Trump enters lame-duck status, incentives for a rushed Russia-Ukraine settlement could intensify, increasing pressure on Europe and Ukraine to accept unfavourable terms. โณTime may be the most important variable. Read more โฌ‡๏ธ ecipe.org/insights/lame-duckโ€ฆ #Ukraine #Russia #Europe #Geopolitics
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Jun 10
Trumpโ€™s Beijing visit was not just diplomacy. It looked like recognition. In @DavidHenigUKโ€™s latest article for @thewirechina, the message is stark: the era of trying to contain Chinaโ€™s economic rise may be over. What follows is a more transactional, multipolar trade landscape. And Europe is not ready yet. Read the full article โฌ‡๏ธ thewirechina.com/2026/05/31/โ€ฆ #TradePolicy #Geopolitics #China #EU #GlobalTrade #GlobalEconomy
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Jun 9
๐„๐ฎ๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ž ๐ญ๐š๐ฅ๐ค๐ฌ ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ. ๐ˆ๐ญ๐ฌ ๐œ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐š ๐๐ข๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ. Germany's Federal Court has upheld a rule requiring ride-hailing vehicles to drive empty after each trip unless a new booking has already been confirmed. Around 30 per cent of vehicle kilometres exist solely to satisfy a legal formality from another era. Consumers pay more. Emissions rise. Incumbents are shielded. And Brussels keeps publishing competitiveness strategies. @MatBauerEcon's insight makes the case plainly: "๐˜Œ๐˜ถ๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฑ๐˜ฆ'๐˜ด ๐˜จ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ด๐˜ต ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฃ๐˜ด๐˜ต๐˜ข๐˜ค๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ๐˜ด ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ ๐˜จ๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ธ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ ๐˜ข๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ ๐˜ด๐˜ฆ๐˜ญ๐˜ง-๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ง๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ฅ." Read more โฌ‡๏ธ ecipe.org/insights/another-aโ€ฆ
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Jun 8
As EU ministers meet at the @EUCouncil tomorrow on the Cybersecurity Act 2, the analysis from @leemakiyama and @badrinarayanang deliver a striking finding: vendor restrictions have no statistically significant effect on what consumers pay. The EU auctioned spectrum from 2018 into a security framework still being written in 2026. The Commission's EUR 3.4 to 4.3 billion cost estimate is real, but it stays on operators' balance sheets. It does not reach consumers' bills. This is not a supply chain failure. It is a regulatory sequencing failure, years in the making. Read moreโ–ถ๏ธecipe.org/insights/affordabiโ€ฆ #Cybersecurity #5G #CSA2 #DigitalPolicy #EUSingleMarket
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Jun 5
#ECIPENewsletter is out! ๐Ÿ“ฌ This month, our experts examine the topics driving today's European policy debate: ๐Ÿ“Œ the Indiaโ€“EU trade deal, ๐Ÿ“Œ Europe's AI and copyright dilemma, ๐Ÿ“Œ China's use of trade law in Brussels, ๐Ÿ“Œ the Digital Omnibus, ๐Ÿ“Œ the brain drain in the Western Balkans. Read โฌ‡๏ธ us9.campaign-archive.com/?e=โ€ฆ
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Jun 4
#DigitalOmnibus is sold as an end-of-cookie-banners. But the reform empowers few US gatekeepers, and European SMEs and media are asking @EUCouncil to scrap the proposal entirely. It reverses a decade of digital antitrust policy, entrusting a few US gatekeepers to handle revenues of EU startups and media. @leemakiyama explains why the cure is worse than our ills. โฌ‡๏ธ ecipe.org/insights/who-shallโ€ฆ #DigitalOmnibus #EUDigital #DataPrivacy
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Jun 3
๐…๐จ๐ซ ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ฒ ๐ž๐ฎ๐ซ๐จ ๐„๐ฎ๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ž ๐ข๐ง๐ฏ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž ๐€๐ˆ ๐ฅ๐š๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ฒ๐ž๐š๐ซ, ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐”๐ง๐ข๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐’๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง๐ฏ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐ฐ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฒ. In his latest analysis for @cepa, @osguinea traces the problem to its source. The EU's Copyright Directive lets rights holders opt out of Text and Data Mining exceptions, and more than half of news publishers already block the main AI crawlers. "๐˜›๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ฑ๐˜บ๐˜ณ๐˜ช๐˜จ๐˜ฉ๐˜ต ๐˜ต๐˜ณ๐˜ข๐˜ฑ ๐˜ช๐˜ด ๐˜ด๐˜ฆ๐˜ต; ๐˜ช๐˜ต ๐˜ช๐˜ด ๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ง๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ ๐˜Œ๐˜œ ๐˜ฑ๐˜ฐ๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜บ๐˜ฎ๐˜ข๐˜ฌ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ด ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ ๐˜ด๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ฑ ๐˜ข๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ถ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ช๐˜ต," he argues. Read more โฌ‡๏ธ cepa.org/article/europes-copโ€ฆ #DataEconomy #GenerativeAI #CopyrightReform
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Jun 2
Today, the @EP_Trade, @EP_Industry, and @EP_SingleMarket committees meet to examine the Industrial Accelerator Act, with rapporteurs @anna_cavazzini, @GrudlerCh, and @PJouvet leading the discussion. The timing is worth paying attention to. Our latest analysis, by @osguinea, finds that between 2008 and 2023, EU manufacturing grew consistently across employment, turnover, value added, and productivity. The Commission's diagnosis is more alarmist than the data warrants, and the Act's ambition to boost manufacturing's share of GDP from 14.3% to 20% by 2035 risks crowding out the digital technologies that now drive the bulk of productivity growth. Competing for the future requires looking forward, not back. Read more โฌ‡๏ธ ecipe.org/insights/nostalgiaโ€ฆ #IndustrialPolicy #EUCompetitiveness #SingleMarket
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Jun 1
๐ŸŒ๐†๐ฅ๐จ๐›๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ซ๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ง ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ, ๐›๐ฎ๐ญ ๐ฆ๐š๐ฃ๐จ๐ซ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฐ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ฐ๐ž๐š๐ฉ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ข๐ญ [๐๐š๐ง๐ ๐ž๐ซ๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ฒ]. @DavidHenigUK describes a โ€œWhatsApp World Orderโ€ of interconnected trade networks in our new policy brief, yet the EU, US and others are weakening global rules while chasing unrealistic self-sufficiency. Without WTO reform and restraint, risks of a 1930s-style slide into mutual distrust grow. โœ "๐˜Ž๐˜ฐ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ด ๐˜ฎ๐˜ถ๐˜ด๐˜ต ๐˜ด๐˜ต๐˜ฐ๐˜ฑ ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ค๐˜ณ๐˜บ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ด๐˜ช๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ค๐˜ฆ ๐˜ข๐˜ด ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ ๐˜ฆ๐˜ข๐˜ด๐˜บ ๐˜ธ๐˜ข๐˜บ ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ ๐˜ฃ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ด๐˜ฆ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฐ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜ด๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ. ๐˜›๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ณ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ ๐˜ต๐˜ข๐˜ด๐˜ฌ ๐˜ช๐˜ด ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฃ๐˜ถ๐˜ช๐˜ญ๐˜ฅ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜ฆ๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ด ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ด๐˜ฐ๐˜ค๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ด ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ต ๐˜จ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ถ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ฆ๐˜ญ๐˜บ ๐˜ข๐˜ฅ๐˜ซ๐˜ถ๐˜ด๐˜ต ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ๐˜ฅ๐˜ข๐˜บ'๐˜ด ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜จ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜จ๐˜ญ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฃ๐˜ข๐˜ญ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ." Read more โฌ‡๏ธ ecipe.org/publications/whatsโ€ฆ #EUTradePolicy #GlobalGovernance #WTO
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May 30
๐Ÿ—ž๏ธ ๐€ $1๐ญ๐ง ๐‚๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฌ๐ž ๐ข๐ง๐ฏ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐๐ž๐š๐ฅ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐”๐’ ๐ฐ๐š๐ฌ ๐จ๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐จ๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ญ๐š๐›๐ฅ๐ž. ๐–๐š๐ฌ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐จ๐ง ๐œ๐ก๐จ๐ฌ๐ž ๐š ๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐๐ž ๐ฐ๐š๐ซ ๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐š๐. @leemakiyama tells the @FinancialTimes why that offer is unlikely to be honoured anytime soon and why Beijing has a record of missing investment commitments once announcements are made. ๐Ÿ’ฌ "๐˜Š๐˜ฉ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ข ๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ด ๐˜ด๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง ๐˜ฎ๐˜ช๐˜ด๐˜ด๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ด๐˜ต๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต ๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฎ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ด ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ค๐˜ฆ ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ข๐˜ญ ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฐ๐˜ถ๐˜ฏ๐˜ค๐˜ฆ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ด ๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ท๐˜ฆ ๐˜ฃ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ ๐˜ฎ๐˜ข๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ." Read the articleโฌ‡๏ธ ft.com/content/d61d9c83-cb3cโ€ฆ #USChina #TradeWar #GlobalTrade
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May 29
๐Ÿš€ ๐„๐ฎ๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ž ๐จ๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ ๐ฅ๐จ๐›๐š๐ฅ ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐š๐œ๐ž ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ž. ๐“๐จ๐๐š๐ฒ, ๐ข๐ญ ๐ซ๐ข๐ฌ๐ค๐ฌ ๐›๐ž๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐š ๐›๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐๐ž๐ซ. As the EU ministers @EUCouncil debate space act today, the analysis from Andrea Dugo and Dyuti Pandya lays out a stark picture: 8 EU orbital launches in 2025 versus 181 from the US, and a patent share that has halved since 2000. ๐Ÿ“‰ This is not a cyclical setback but a structural failure rooted in a capital markets gap, fragmented public investment, and policies that favour legacy incumbents over the firms driving the New Space economy. Europe risks remaining capable but increasingly peripheral in one of the most strategically important industries of the 21st century. Read more โ–ถ๏ธ ecipe.org/publications/europโ€ฆ
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May 28
๐Ÿค Together with @EUJusticeForum and @DanskIndustri, we will co-host a roundtable on Consumer Protection and Product Liability in the EU. More info โฌ‡๏ธ
๐Ÿ“ฃ ๐’๐€๐•๐„ ๐“๐‡๐„ ๐ƒ๐€๐“๐„ | ๐‘๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐ญ๐š๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐š๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐„๐‚๐ˆ๐๐„ ๐Ž๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ข๐œ๐ž The European Justice Forum, together with the @ECIPE and @DanskIndustri (DI), has the pleasure of inviting you to the roundtable: โ€œ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ž๐ซ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ญ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐š๐ง๐ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ญ ๐‹๐ข๐š๐›๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐‚๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ž๐ง๐ ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐„๐” - ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐›๐ž ๐ฅ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐ง๐ž๐ ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐จ๐ซ๐๐ข๐œ๐ฌโ€ ๐Ÿ—“๏ธ 8 June 2026 โฑ๏ธ 09:00โ€“11:00 ๐Ÿ“ ECIPE Office The event will bring together representatives of European institutions, industry representatives, legal experts, and policymakers to discuss emerging challenges at the intersection of technology, liability, and access to justice. As Europe continues to navigate rapid technological transformation and evolving consumer expectations, important questions are emerging around liability frameworks, legal certainty, innovation, and competitiveness within the EU Single Market. This discussion will explore: ๐Ÿ”น Consumer protection and evolving product liability rules ๐Ÿ”นย Lessons from Nordic approaches to regulation and enforcement ๐Ÿ”นThe impact of new technologies and digital technologies on liability frameworks ๐Ÿ”นBalancing innovation, accountability, and access to justice ๐Ÿ”นImplications for businesses, consumers, and policymakers across the EU The roundtable aims to foster an open exchange on how Europe can ensure effective consumer protection while supporting innovation and competitiveness in an increasingly digital and interconnected economy. ๐Ÿ‘‰ More details:ย  lnkd.in/dhaG4u5a ๐Ÿ‘‰ Registration:ย  docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1Fโ€ฆ ๐Ÿ“ง For any inquiries, please contact Policy Manager Seyide Direk at s.direk@europeanjusticeforum.org #EUJusticeForum #ProductLiability #ConsumerProtection #EULaw #Innovation #Nordics #DigitalPolicy #AccessToJustice
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May 27
๐“๐ž๐ง ๐ฒ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ง๐ž๐ ๐จ๐ญ๐ข๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ. ๐Ž๐ง๐ž ๐š๐ ๐ซ๐ž๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ. ๐€ ๐ง๐ž๐ฐ ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐š๐ฆ๐ž๐ฐ๐จ๐ซ๐ค ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐„๐”โ€“๐ˆ๐ง๐๐ข๐š ๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐๐ž ๐œ๐จ๐จ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง. Dyuti Pandya and Vanika Sharma argue that the EUโ€“India FTA could help both regions deepen trade ties, diversify partnerships and build on their comparative strengths. At a time of global uncertainty and shifting supply chains, the agreement offers more than market access. It provides a framework for a more balanced, diversified, and commercially meaningful EUโ€“India economic partnership. Read more โ–ถ๏ธ ecipe.org/insights/india-eu-โ€ฆ #EUIndia #TradePolicy #FreeTradeAgreement
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May 26
๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡น ๐๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ ๐š๐ฅ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐›๐ž๐ญ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ข๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ž๐œ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ž ๐จ๐ง ๐ญ๐ž๐œ๐ก. ๐Œ๐š๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐œ๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ข๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐›๐ž๐ญ ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ซ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฒ. In a new brief, @FredrikErixon, @osguinea, Dyuti Pandya & Vanika Sharma find that Portugal ranks 2nd most litigation-friendly in the EU, and ICT accounts for 29% of all collective actions. The cost? Up to โ‚ฌ1.93bn. A knowledge economy under legal threat. Read the policy brief โฌ‡๏ธ ecipe.org/publications/colleโ€ฆ #Portugal #ProductLiabilityDirective #SingleMarket
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