The more I study the political economy of Britain the more I am convinced that there is a singular, deep root cause of the system's major dysfunctions (in relation to productivity growth, standard of living, taxation, health, migration, welfare, law and order, decarbonisation, infrastructure, and the rest). With perhaps the exception of defence and security, it's the lack of capacity at the centre of government to design and implement system-wide policy strategies.
If that is correct, there are reasons for optimism: a directional shift in the evolution of the whole (one nation?) eco-system can be effected at couple of broad, low-cost strokes. Realistically though, that cheerful prospect has to be qualified by an accompanying pessimism: our political leaders, who are the only people who can address the root cause, seem incapable of 'seeing' (in the sense of understanding) the causalities.
The electorate can't be blamed, because voters are never presented with an opportunity to vote for (or against) a well-designed, whole-system strategy. It's all magpies' nests of 'this and that' in party manifestos, so the choices on offer are between different magpies' nests. (It's sometimes called 'retail politics': statecraft reduced to grocery store management.)
So, looking at a long back catalogue of reviews of individual policies, I can factually say that much the most common judgment to be found in the catalogue is "a missed opportunity". Sun Tzu (Art of War) wrote that "opportunities multiply as they are seized", to which I'd add "and opportunities diminish as they are missed". And, of course, to seize them, it's first necessary to 'see' them.