With that, the U.S. Merchant Marine was born on June 12, 1775!
The war was barely seven weeks old when the townspeople of Machias, Maine pulled off what is considered the first naval engagement of the Revolution.
The backstory: The British needed lumber to build barracks for troops besieged in Boston. They sent Loyalist merchant Ichabod Jones with two supply ships and a naval escort — the armed schooner HMS Margaretta, commanded by Midshipman James Moore — to trade food for lumber. The townspeople resented the arrangement and voted against cooperating. When Jones said he would only deal with those who had voted for the trade, the community turned hostile.
On June 11, militia leader Colonel Benjamin Foster tried to arrest Jones at church. Jones spotted them and fled into the woods. Moore made it back to his ship. The locals then seized one of Jones' merchant vessels, the Unity, armed it with breastworks, and set out in pursuit alongside a second local schooner, Falmouth Packet. They were armed with muskets, pitchforks, and axes.
Moore tried to flee but a botched jibe snapped his boom and gaff, crippling Margaretta. The colonists caught up. Jeremiah O'Brien had been elected captain of Unity, and his crew pulled alongside and boarded. Moore threw hand grenades onto Unity and exchanged musket fire, but was shot in the chest and mortally wounded. He surrendered, was taken back to Machias, and died the next day.
Casualties: ~10 British killed, 9 wounded. About 2 Americans killed, 3 badly wounded.
The captured Margaretta was renamed Machias Liberty and commissioned into the Massachusetts State Navy, with O'Brien in command. He went on to capture two more British schooners the following month. Machias became a persistent thorn in the Royal Navy's side for the rest of the war.