In 2014, I visited a new waste-to-power facility in Wuhan as part of study tour. At the time, Wuhan was running out of places to put trash and this was a solution to a municipal management problem, with the power generated more of an incidental outcome, not the main goal.
While many countries grapple with overflowing landfills and a mounting waste crisis, China is surprisingly facing a shortage of waste.
Waste-to-energy incineration has been a key driver of biomass power growth in China, with municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration representing 76.9% of newly installed biomass capacity in recent years.
However, the average annual utilization hours of biomass power generation—including waste-to-energy facilities—have notably declined, and the reasons behind this downturn are rather unexpected.
It turns out that waste-to-energy projects in economically developed regions of southeastern China have become nearly saturated, effectively processing almost all available urban waste.
Consequently, many cities have resorted to excavating old landfills, retrieving decades-old buried waste, treating it, and subsequently sending it to incineration plants for electricity generation.