It’s super easy in space Satellite cooling uses passive methods like specialized surface coatings and radiators to manage heat, while active systems such as fluid loops, cryocoolers, and thermoelectric coolers handle more demanding cooling needs. By radiating heat into space, using radiators and shading, and manipulating surface properties, satellites can maintain the stable temperatures required for their sensitive components to operate.
You can watch this video to learn how satellites are cooled in space:

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Emergence
YouTube • Jan 22, 2024
Passive cooling
•Surface coatings: Paint colors and specialized surfaces are used to either absorb or reflect heat. For example, a satellite might have a white, reflective coating on its sun-facing side and a black, heat-radiating coating on the dark side.
•Radiators: These are like large heat sinks that point towards empty space to radiate heat away from the satellite.
•Multi-layer insulation (MLI): This is a layered material that acts like a thermos, reflecting heat and minimizing heat exchange with the surrounding environment.
Active cooling
•Fluid loops: A liquid coolant circulates through the satellite, absorbing heat from hot components and transferring it to radiators where it can be dissipated into space.
•Thermoelectric coolers (TECs): These are small, solid-state devices that use the Peltier effect to provide localized cooling by using an electric current to move heat from one side of the device to another.
•Cryocoolers: These are miniature refrigeration systems used to cool components to extremely low temperatures, often required for infrared telescopes.
•Phase change materials: These materials absorb large amounts of heat energy when they change phase (e.g., from solid to liquid), making them useful for managing sudden heat spikes.
•Electrical heaters: While not a cooling method, heaters are often used in conjunction with cooling systems to prevent components from getting too cold, especially during a satellite's "night" cycle in orbit.
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most current LEO satellite designs focus on making their surfaces highly heat-reflective so as to passively cool the satellite unit