ALT Graphical illustration of the four key stages of edge evolution following edge creation relative to initial starting conditions in an intact tropical rainforest.

ALT Fig. 8 from Trotto et al (2024). Map of the distribution of the 4 domains (D) based on the kmeans clustering. On the right, radar plots describing the environmental characteristics of each. Values are scaled 0–1, with the blue dashed line equal to 0.5. D1 and D4 are conifers, D2 and D3 are broadleaves. ELEV = elevation, SI = site index, TEMP = temperature, RAIN = precipitation.

ALT Graphical abstract by Smith-Tripp et al 2024

ALT Graphical depictions of real data taken from many different platforms, perspectives, and sensors used in forest structural diversity metric calculation. Traditional measurements of dbh (dbh tape) and stem locations (compass and transect tape) used to make stem maps and tree size distributions. Terrestrial measurements of canopy structure from a 3D terrestrial lidar scanner and hemispherical camera. Spaceborne data examples including a GEDI waveform and backscatter from synthetic aperture radar. Airborne data showing a canopy height model, point cloud, and segmented forest canopy and hyperspectral signature, all from NEON AOP data. UAV structure-from-motion point cloud and RGB orthoimagery

ALT Map of study locations