ALT "High-resolution 3D medical illustration comparing 10 major congenital heart defects and cardiomyopathies on a black background. Includes Normal heart anatomy, Total anomalous pulmonary venous return, Ebstein’s anomaly, Coarctation of the aorta, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Pulmonary stenosis, Patent foramen ovale, Pulmonary atresia, Atrioventricular canal defect, and Dilated cardiomyopathy. Detailed labels show key anatomical abnormalities, blood flow changes, and structural defects. Educational infographic for cardiology and medical education

ALT A detailed schematic of the ventricular septum and various types of ventricular septal defects (VSDs). (A) The ventricular septum is divided into four regions: inlet, trabecular, outlet, and membranous. (B) Different types of VSDs are shown, including perimembranous, muscular, inlet, and supracristal VSDs. (C) Parasternal long-axis echocardiographic view illustrating a perimembranous VSD (pmVSD) below the aortic valve and a mid-muscular VSD (mVSD). (D) Parasternal short-axis view at the aortic valve level showing a pmVSD (10 o’clock position) near the tricuspid valve and a supracristal VSD (scVSD) at 1 o’clock near the pulmonic valve. (E) Parasternal short-axis view demonstrating a muscular VSD. (F) Apical four-chamber view highlighting an inlet VSD (iVSD) and multiple muscular VSDs (mVSDs). A primum-type atrial septal defect (ASD) is also indicated.