Every major economy of the world is now taking a position on
$BTC.
And what they’re drawing together is the most important geopolitical development in crypto.
CT analysis treats this as a US story while the map says otherwise 👇🏻
1️⃣ Seizure giants: US and UK
The United States holds approximately 325,000-328,000 BTC: the largest confirmed sovereign Bitcoin position on earth.
It did not buy a single coin.
Every bitcoin came from criminal forfeiture: Silk Road, Bitfinex, James Zhong, and dozens of smaller cases.
For years the policy was to sell it. Under Trump’s executive order signed March 2025, the policy shifted: hold it.
ARMA (American Reserve Modernization Act) was introduced on May 21, with bipartisan support and 16 co-sponsors.
It would codify the reserve into federal law, lock the existing holdings for 20 years, and authorize the Treasury to purchase 200,000 BTC per year for five years.
Target: 1 million BTC. If passed, the Treasury begins buying in Q4 2026.
→ Current position: ~328,000 BTC valued around ~$26B at current prices
→ Strategy: Seizure → hold → codify → buy
→ Status: Executive order signed. ARMA in Congress.
The UK controls approximately 61,000 BTC seized in a 2021 money laundering investigation linked to a Chinese fraud ring.
Current value: approximately £5 billion.
The UK government is still debating what to do with it.
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2️⃣ Strategic buyers: El Salvador
El Salvador became the first country to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender in 2021.
President Bukele has been buying consistently since, including a publicly announced strategy of purchasing 1 BTC per day.
Current holdings: approximately 6,000-7,500 BTC worth roughly $500-600 million.
The complication: El Salvador’s IMF loan agreement explicitly restricts further Bitcoin accumulation as a condition of the deal.
The country that pioneered sovereign Bitcoin buying is now legally constrained from expanding the position that made it famous.
→ Position: ~6,000-7,500 BTC
→ Strategy: Political conviction, legal tender adoption
→ Status: IMF restrictions limiting further accumulation
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3️⃣ Silent Miner: Bhutan
Bhutan’s sovereign wealth fund, has been mining Bitcoin since 2019 using the country’s vast hydroelectric capacity.
A quiet conversion of surplus renewable energy into sovereign BTC.
At peak, Bhutan held approximately 13,000 BTC.
An extraordinary result for a country of 800,000 people, equivalent to roughly 18% of GDP.
In 2026, Bhutan shifted strategy: it started selling.
The stack has dropped from approximately 6,000 to 3,200 BTC this year as the government liquidates to fund development priorities.
→ Peak position: ~13,000 BTC
→ Current position: ~3,200 BTC and declining
→ Strategy: Mine with hydro power → sell when needed
→ Status: Active liquidation phase in 2026
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4️⃣ Seizure Seller: China
China’s position is the most misunderstood on the map.
The PlusToken seizure figure of ~190,000 BTC is still widely cited.
The reality in 2026: Chinese local governments have been selling seized crypto through third-party intermediaries for years.
Reuters reported approximately 15,000 BTC still held: a fraction of the original seizure.
China banned crypto trading and mining.
It simultaneously became one of the largest accidental Bitcoin holders through enforcement.
It is now quietly liquidating that position through opaque channels rather than declaring a sovereign reserve strategy.
→ Reported position: ~15,000 BTC remaining (down from ~190,000)
→ Strategy: seizure → quiet liquidation
→ Status: selling, not holding
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5️⃣ Explorers: UAE and Kazakhstan
The UAE’s Bitcoin exposure comes primarily through Citadel, a public mining company majority-owned by UAE Royal Group through IHC.
Here we don’t have a formal sovereign reserve but corporate exposure through state-linked entities.
Kazakhstan holds approximately 3,500 BTC accumulated as mining migrated from China post-2021 ban.
Neither country has announced a formal Bitcoin reserve strategy.
→ UAE: Mining exposure via state-linked companies, no formal reserve
→ Kazakhstan: ~3,500 BTC, mining-derived, no formal strategy
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6️⃣ The map that emerges
Three strategies. Three outcomes. One asset.
→ Seize and hold: US (~328K BTC) converting accidental accumulation into strategic policy
→ Buy deliberately: El Salvador (~7K BTC) first mover, now constrained by IMF
→ Mine quietly: Bhutan (peaked ~13K, now liquidating) energy arbitrage as sovereign capital
The fourth strategy (Germany) is also on the map: seize and sell immediately. Zero BTC.
The least discussed and arguably the most instructive comparison.
When sovereign buyers enter a market with 21 million units of fixed supply, the price discovery mechanism changes permanently.