Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Kidney Transplant Recipients |
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Non Diabetic Recipients: Barcelona cohort showed sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor initiation led to significant proteinuria reduction and estimated glomerular filtration rate stabilization in non diabetic kidney transplant recipients. A dedicated double blind placebo controlled randomized controlled trial is now recruiting.
Mechanisms Beyond Glucose:
Reduced intraglomerular pressure and natriuresis via tubuloglomerular feedback
Anti fibrotic effects via transforming growth factor beta mediated suppression and reduced tubular stress
May act as pharmacological reinnervation after kidney transplantation due to ischemia reperfusion injury and loss of sympathetic innervation
Ongoing Trials:
SGL-TX-GFR: 88 non diabetic recipients with estimated glomerular filtration rate greater than 25, testing 10 milligram dapagliflozin versus placebo for 18 months. Outcomes include graft function, safety, urinary tract infections, post transplant diabetes, albuminuria
RENAISSANCE: 900 adult recipients 6 months post transplant. Tests if sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor reduces death, graft loss, major cardiovascular events, and estimated glomerular filtration rate decline
RENAL LIFECYCLE: Includes kidney transplant recipients with estimated glomerular filtration rate less than or equal to 45. Expectation is reduction in all cause mortality, renal failure, and heart failure hospitalizations with and without type 2 diabetes
Meta-Analysis: 32 studies with 7834 kidney transplant recipients showed sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonists associated with improved survival, cardiovascular, and kidney outcomes with favorable safety profile.
Safety and Use: Current observational, real world, and randomized controlled trial data do not suggest excess risk post transplant. Safety signals need vigilance. While awaiting definitive randomized controlled trial data, pragmatic adoption in select high risk groups is encouraged.
Takeaway: Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have strong biological rationale and emerging data for graft and cardiovascular protection in kidney transplant recipients, including non diabetic patients.
Presentation: Adnan Sharif | Tweet:
@eroldemir83