As a dissident, it is painful to watch this. Over the past few months of the Iran-US conflict, the Iranian regime has played its limited cards remarkably well. One reason a dictatorship built around a seventh-century ideology is outplaying the most powerful democracy in the world is that, in this case, it appears to have a better decision-making process.
There is a surprisingly active space for the regime analysts to debate policy; of course within the regime's ideological boundaries. Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, or SNSC, brings together different stakeholders and different viewpoints within the system. Even with the Supreme Leader being the final decision maker, the debates and votings in the SNSC are real and influence the outcome. This has helped the regime avoid some of the catastrophic mistakes made by other dictatorships, such as Saddam Hussein’s Iraq or Qaddafi’s Libya.
In the United States, we often lack that kind of structured decision-making process. NSC is mostly an advisory council to the president and is only as strong as the president allows it to be. When the president personalizes foreign policy, the process collapses into court politics: advisers compete for access, agencies maneuver around each other, and decisions reflect the president’s instincts rather than an institutional consensus.
One possible solution would be to expand the mandate of the National Security Council to get a formal vote on major foreign policy decisions which the president would be allowed to veto. Another solution is to expand the membership to representatives from Congress, as well as independent council members appointed by the president or Congress. Some of these members could serve across administrations to reduce the sharp swings in US foreign policy between Democratic and Republican presidents.
Araghchi: "There are supporters and opponents of the text within the Iran's SNSC, but a collective decision will be made. For now, we must wait. If approved, the agreement will be signed remotely."