Wild animal vaccines are a thing. In 1978, Switzerland airdropped 4,000 vaccine-laden chicken heads from helicopters over the Alps. And it worked: fox rabies was eliminated.
For most of history, our approach to sick wild animals was to treat it as not our problem. Turns out that was a bad idea, because roughly 60% of human infectious diseases come from wild animals.
So scientists got creative. Rabies was spreading through raccoons, foxes and coyotes despite culling hundreds of thousands of them — which, besides being grim, didn't even work. The solution? Hide vaccines inside food and let the animals vaccinate themselves while having no idea they're participating in a public health program.
Switzerland went first. Their method of choice was vaccine-stuffed chicken heads, which were thrown out of helicoters. This eliminated fox rabies from the entire country by 1999.
The US followed with fishmeal blocks dropped near dumpsters to vaccinate raccoons. They now distribute up to 10 million baits a year. This is how Texas wiped out two rabies variants entirely. Vaccinating wild animals is cost effective: every dollar spent saved up to $13 in human treatment costs.
Now we're going further. Australia approved a koala chlamydia vaccine in 2025 (yes, koalas have chlamydia). Researchers are also developing anti-fungal gels for bats.
And we are moving on the "philosophical" dimension too.Disease isn’t bad solely because it threatens a species’s survival but because it causes suffering. Every koala or raccoon that contracts a fatal illness spends days or weeks vomiting, seizing, blind, feverish, or paralyzed. None can hope for treatment. Then, alone and in pain, they die. We can prevent this!
We should be vaccinating wild animals.
60% of all infectious diseases, including Ebola, Lyme disease and rabies, come from animals, mostly wild ones. Vaccinating wild animals would help to control these diseases before they spill over to humans.
worksinprogress.co/issue/why…
Doing it is surprisingly easy and cheap. Switzerland stopped the spread of fox rabies in the 1970s by airdropping chicken heads filled with oral vaccines from helicopters. By 1999, fox rabies had been totally eradicated.
Many American states vaccinate rabies for coyotes by hiding oral vaccines in fishmeal blocks covered in fish oil or vanilla. In Texas, every dollar spent on that program saved between $4 and $13 in human treatment.
But we should also vaccinate wild animals for their own sake! Infectious diseases kill animals in agonizing ways and can drive species to extinction. One fungal disease alone has caused 90 amphibian species to go extinct in the last fifty years.
In 2015, 60 percent of the global saiga antelope population was killed in three weeks by a bacterial outbreak. White-nose syndrome has killed over six million North American bats since 2007.
We could save all these animals from suffering by vaccinating them the way we do pets and humans. It would make the world safer for humans, and *much* better for the animals themselves.