This has an excellent P.C. Mahalanobis connection.
What remains far less known is that more than 2300 yrs earlier, Jain philosophers in ancient India developed a sophisticated multi-valued logic to handle precisely this kind of complexity & indeterminacy. They called it Syādvāda (the doctrine of conditioned assertion) & Saptabhaṅgī Naya (the 7 fold predication), built on the principle of Anekāntavāda (the many-sidedness of reality).
Instead of forcing every statement into true/false, they insisted every assertion must be qualified by Syāt: “in a certain sense,” “from a particular standpoint,” or “under specific conditions.”
This framework allowed them to express 7 modes of predication, recognizing that reality often involves aspects that are simultaneously existent/non-existent/inexpressible in binary terms. The 4th mode, Avaktavya (inexpressible), captures situations where mutually opposing characteristics coexist in a way that defies simultaneous, precise verbal description.
In the 1950s, the pioneering Indian statistician P.C. Mahalanobis (founder of the Indian Statistical Institute) analyzed Saptabhaṅgī mathematically. He saw it as a profound precursor to probabilistic & multi-valued reasoning, interpreting Avaktavya not as vagueness but as a formal acknowledgment of indeterminacy... remarkably resonant with quantum realities.