Metadiffusion: Inference-Time Meta-Energy Biasing of Biomolecular Diffusion Models
1. The authors introduce metadiffusion, a method that adds an inference-time meta-energy biasing layer on top of pretrained biomolecular diffusion models like Boltz-2, enabling diverse conformational ensemble generation without any retraining or fine-tuning.
2. The approach supports three complementary modes: optimisation (pushing collective variables to extrema), steering (targeting specific values), and exploration (maximizing inter-sample diversity through Gaussian repulsion potentials).
3. Metadiffusion generates conformational ensembles whose residue-level flexibility patterns closely match molecular dynamics simulations, achieving mean Pearson's R of 0.81 with ATLAS MD dataโapproaching the reproducibility ceiling between independent MD runs themselves.
4. The method enables controlled exploration of collective variables including radius of gyration, hinge angles, solvent-accessible surface area, and pairwise RMSD, allowing researchers to traverse alternative binding poses across proteins, nucleic acids, and ligands.
5. Through gradient-guided denoising, metadiffusion can steer ensembles to match experimental observables including SAXS pair distance distributions and NMR chemical shifts, as demonstrated with class V GTP aptamer and human calmodulin.
6. The technique operates orders of magnitude faster than microsecond-scale MD simulations while maintaining physical plausibility, with generated structures readily improvable through energy minimization to resolve occasional bond breaks and steric clashes.
7. As a model-agnostic framework, metadiffusion can theoretically extend to other diffusion-based structure predictors including AlphaFold3, OpenFold, and Chai-1, bridging the gap between single-structure prediction and ensemble-level experimental constraints.
๐ปCode:
github.com/metadiffusion/metโฆ
๐Paper:
biorxiv.org/content/10.64898โฆ
#compbiol #structuralbiology #proteindynamics #diffusionmodels #machinelearning #alphafold #boltz2 #conformationalensemble #SAXS #NMR #metadynamics #biomolecularsimulation