An intriguing concept from
@BJSurgery.
Could metabolic optimization become part of rectal cancer treatment?
Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has become the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer following landmark trials such as RAPIDO, PRODIGE 23, and OPRA, improving pathological complete response rates, treatment compliance, and disease-free survival.
At the same time, GLP-1 receptor agonists have expanded far beyond diabetes and obesity, with emerging evidence suggesting potential anticancer effects. Against this backdrop, a recent BJS review explores the rationale for combining GLP-1 therapy (such as semaglutide) with TNT and highlights a planned phase II randomized trial (NCT07314528).
Potential advantages include:
• Reduced visceral adiposity
• Improved insulin sensitivity
• Lower systemic inflammation
• Enhanced treatment tolerance
Yet an important paradox remains: GLP-1-induced weight loss includes loss of lean muscle mass, and sarcopenia is independently associated with increased treatment toxicity and worse oncologic outcomes in rectal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy.
The critical question is not whether patients lose weight, but what kind of weight they lose. Can the metabolic benefits of GLP-1 therapy outweigh the risks of skeletal muscle depletion during TNT?
This study represents the emergence of “metabolic oncology,” the concept that modulating host metabolism may enhance cancer treatment beyond direct antineoplastic effects. The biological rationale is compelling, but prospective evidence is essential.
Critical to the trial’s success will be careful body composition analysis, distinguishing potentially beneficial visceral fat loss from potentially harmful skeletal muscle loss.
If positive, this trial could open an entirely new dimension in rectal cancer management.
I’d be interested in hearing colleagues’ perspectives on the balance between metabolic optimization and sarcopenia risk during TNT.
@SWexner @GaertnerWB @SeanLangenfeld @juliomayol
#RectalCancer #ColorectalSurgery #GIOncology #GLP1 #Semaglutide #CancerResearch
@ASCRS_1 @AmCollSurgeons @AmColSurgCancer @asgbi @BJSAcademy