📿 Medical Pearl
Category: USMLE Step 1 > Pathology > Cardiovascular Pathology
Acute pericarditis diagnosis is a clinical picture. Suspect it with pleuritic chest pain that improves sitting up and leaning forward. Auscultate carefully for the pathognomonic, scratchy, triphasic pericardial friction rub, often best heard along the left lower sternal border, intensifying with forward lean. Crucially, the ECG typically shows diffuse, concave ST-segment elevation in most leads, accompanied by PR-segment depression, particularly with reciprocal PR elevation in aVR. This specific ECG pattern, in conjunction with the pain and rub, strongly differentiates pericarditis from ischemic cardiac events. Echocardiography helps assess for effusion or tamponade, but the bedside clinical and ECG findings are usually diagnostic.
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References:
1. 2025 ESC Guidelines for the management of myocarditis and pericarditis (Inflammatory Myocardial and Pericardial Syndromes) (2025) (
escardio.org/Guidelines/Clin…)
2. A Randomized Trial of Colchicine for Acute Pericarditis (ICAP) (2013) (
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2399…)
3. Pericarditis — NHS (2023) (
nhs.uk/conditions/pericardit…)
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