Who Gets to Define Yoga?
For more than a century, the global conversation on yoga has been shaped by institutions and scholars far removed from the civilizational context that produced it. As a result, one of humanity's oldest living knowledge systems is increasingly explained through frameworks that often overlook its own sources, methods, and practitioners.
In this presentation
youtu.be/vOdj3-HORc0?si=-ES0…, Smt Nrithya Jagannathan challenges several assumptions that have become commonplace in modern yoga studies. The claim that postural yoga is largely a colonial-era invention, she argues, rests on a selective reading of history - one that privileges certain texts while ignoring temple iconography, vernacular traditions, oral lineages, and the lived practices that have sustained yoga across India for centuries.
This raises a larger question. Why are living traditions so often required to justify themselves to external frameworks, while those frameworks are rarely required to account for what they leave out?
The issue is not whether yoga evolved. All living traditions evolve. The issue is whether evolution is being mistaken for invention, and whether absence from a particular archive is being mistaken for absence from history itself.
Jagannathan's critique extends beyond academia. The modern wellness industry has transformed yoga into a global commodity - rebranding, fragmenting, and repackaging practices for consumption. In the process, meditation is separated from yoga, philosophy from practice, and methodology from technique. What remains is often a highly marketable product, but not necessarily the tradition itself.
The deeper challenge before us is intellectual. Can yoga be understood through its own categories of knowledge? Can concepts such as adhikāra, sādhanā, anushāsana, and dhyāna be treated as serious epistemic frameworks rather than cultural artifacts awaiting Western interpretation?
Civilizations do not survive merely through preservation. They survive when they retain the authority to explain themselves.
Perhaps the future of yoga depends not only on who practices it, but also on who gets to define it.
Register for a Master Class on an Introduction to the Yogasutras by Smt Nrithya Jagannathan, Aug 21-23, New Delhi:
indica.events/event/master-c…
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